For our science project.

acids and carbonates

acids and carbonates

acids and carbonates

reaction between a carbonate and an acid

calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid

Coming off the assignment of a lifetime, Derek, a top secret agent, faces his most challenging mission yet: having his face reconstructed and his mind wired directly into a government prisoner - who just happens to be an alien from the Roswell crash...

Field Trip to Bahamas, Part 1: Dive
clips of sites around Nassau including
Blue Hole, Shark Wall and Shark Arena

This is part 5 of a 5 part episode. To watch the full show go to my channel (Zuke696) then go to my Playlist, find the show then click Play All - Search for Life: Is there life on Mars? Scientists in North America are combing the most barren places on Earth to search out bacteria, amino acids or carbonates that might offer clues. What if Mars has its own independently created life forms which are deadly to humans? Researchers on the Arctic's frigid Devon Island, British Columbia's Pavilion Lake, Chile's Atacama Desert and caves in New Mexico offer compelling chronicles.

This is part 4 of a 5 part episode. To watch the full show go to my channel (Zuke696) then go to my Playlist, find the show then click Play All - Search for Life: Is there life on Mars? Scientists in North America are combing the most barren places on Earth to search out bacteria, amino acids or carbonates that might offer clues. What if Mars has its own independently created life forms which are deadly to humans? Researchers on the Arctic's frigid Devon Island, British Columbia's Pavilion Lake, Chile's Atacama Desert and caves in New Mexico offer compelling chronicles.

This is part 3 of a 5 part episode. To watch the full show go to my channel (Zuke696) then go to my Playlist, find the show then click Play All - Search for Life: Is there life on Mars? Scientists in North America are combing the most barren places on Earth to search out bacteria, amino acids or carbonates that might offer clues. What if Mars has its own independently created life forms which are deadly to humans? Researchers on the Arctic's frigid Devon Island, British Columbia's Pavilion Lake, Chile's Atacama Desert and caves in New Mexico offer compelling chronicles.

This is part 2 of a 5 part episode. To watch the full show go to my channel (Zuke696) then go to my Playlist, find the show then click Play All - Search for Life: Is there life on Mars? Scientists in North America are combing the most barren places on Earth to search out bacteria, amino acids or carbonates that might offer clues. What if Mars has its own independently created life forms which are deadly to humans? Researchers on the Arctic's frigid Devon Island, British Columbia's Pavilion Lake, Chile's Atacama Desert and caves in New Mexico offer compelling chronicles.

This is part 1 of a 5 part episode. To watch the full show go to my channel (Zuke696) then go to my Playlist, find the show then click Play All - Search for Life: Is there life on Mars? Scientists in North America are combing the most barren places on Earth to search out bacteria, amino acids or carbonates that might offer clues. What if Mars has its own independently created life forms which are deadly to humans? Researchers on the Arctic's frigid Devon Island, British Columbia's Pavilion Lake, Chile's Atacama Desert and caves in New Mexico offer compelling chronicles.

(to the melody of “Dear Prudence” by The Beatles)

Dear Students
Solubility sucks
Dear Students
Wish you the best of luck

Always nitrates
And perchlorates
And acetates
And just chlorates
Dear Students
Solubility Sucks

Dear Students
Open up your eye-ds
Dear Students
Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides

Except when with
Silver, mercury, and lead
[random mumbling]
Get it in your head
Dear Students
Solubility sucks

REMIX!

(to the melody of “Love Song” by Sara Bareilles)

We gotta remind you
That hydroxides are not soluble
And neither are metal oxides except when with…

The alkali metals, ammonium
And calcium
And strontium
Barium

And neither are carbonates, phosphates,
Sulfides, sulfites
The exceptions are the same
Even though Sar never tried
To memorize the rules until the night before each test
We wanna write you a solubility song today

REMIX!! …again…

(to the melody of “Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go” by Wham!)

Gummy bear…gummy bear…
Gummy bear…gummy bear…
Sulfates are all soluble
Except those of lead, strontium, and barium
You must know the giveaways
They are the alkali metals and ammonium

But have no fear, ‘cause we are here
To save you from your nervous breakdown
Never be scared to ask for help
Your peers are here, so give one of them a shout!

Wake up now, its time to go-go
Don’t wanna leave you hanging like a yo-yo
We’ll wake you up, before you go-go
Don’t wanna miss a chance to get that A
We’ll wake you up, before we go-go
‘Cause you’re not plannin’ on goin’ solo
We’ll wake you up, before we go-go
Take your chance this year.

Wanna get that A…
Yeah Yeah Yeah

Polycarbonate was discovered in 1898 when a German chemist named Einhorn observed the formation of an insoluble, infusible solid, while preparing cyclic carbonates by reacting hydroquinone with phosgene. It wasn't until 1953 that Bayer laboratories produced linear thermoplastic Polycarbonate of high molecular weight. In 1957 Bayer and General Electric announced independent development of polycarbonate and in the summer of 1960 both companies began end use production. Today, approximately 75% of the Polycarbonate market is held by SABIC Innovative Plastics (formerly known as General Electric) and Bayer Material Science.

Polycarbonate plastic is a lightweight, high-performance plastic that possesses a unique balance of toughness, dimensional stability, optical clarity, high heat resistance and excellent electrical resistance. Because of these attributes, polycarbonate is used in a wide variety of common products including electronic media like CDs and DVDs, electronic equipment, automobiles, construction glazing, sports safety equipment and medical devices.

The Gellért Baths and Hotel were built in 1918, although there had once been Turkish baths on the site, and in the Middle Ages a hospital. In 1927 the Baths were extended to include the wave pool, and the effervescent bath was added in 1934. With its immaculately preserved Art Nouveau interior, including colourful mosaics, marble columns, stained glass windows and statues, this is without doubt the most beautiful bathing complex in Budapest.
The Gellért Baths were an immediate international success, and were even the scene of an early political scandal. In 1931 a visiting black doctor, Dr. Ramon Costello (who happened to be Cuban), was refused to the Baths on the grounds there were some white American visitors there, and, since there was still racial segregation in America, they objected to his presence. Costello took the matter to the City Council, and they found in his favour.
Water temperatures: 79-100°F (26-38°C). Pools: open air wave pool, thermal pool and children's pool, indoor swimming-effervescent pool and nine medicinal pools.
Water mineral content: thermal water containing nitrates, calcium-magnesium-hydroge n-carbonates and sulphate-chlorides, as well as fluoride ions in significant quantities. Opening times: Weekdays 6.0 a.m. -- 7.0 p.m. Weekends 6.0 a.m. -- 5.0 p.m.

http://spasbudapest.com
http://www.budapestinfo.hu/en

ENJOYYYY ;) COMMENTS ONLY ONLY ONLYYYY!!!! IN ENGLISH!!! IF YOU CANT SPEAK ENGLISH - DONT POST COMMENTS THE FUCK!!!

This is a documentation of Spirit Mountain Herbal Gardens in Arizona 3/21/2008

Caliche (mineral)
Caliche is a hardened deposit of calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate cements together other materials, including gravel, sand, clay, and silt. It is found in aridisol and mollisol soil orders. Caliche occurs worldwide, generally in arid or semi-arid regions, including in central and western Australia, in the Kalahari Desert, in the High Plains of the western USA, and in the Sonoran Desert. Caliche is also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar (in India), or duricrust. The term caliche is Spanish and is originally from the Latin calx, meaning lime.

Caliche is generally light colored but can range from white to light pink to reddish-brown, depending on the impurities present. It is generally found on or near the surface, but it can be found in deeper subsoil deposits as well. The layers can vary from a few inches to feet thick, and multiple layers can exist in a single location.

In northern Chile and Peru, caliche refers to the nitrate salt deposits of the Atacama Desert. Caliche can also refer to various clayey deposits in Chile, Peru, Mexico, and Colombia. In addition, it has been used to describe some forms of quartzite, bauxite, kaolinite, laterite, chalcedony, opal, and soda niter.

Similar material, but composed of calcium sulfate rather than calcium carbonate, is called gypcrust or gypcrete ("Gyp-Crete" is also a trademarked brand name).

How it forms
Caliche generally forms when minerals are leached from the upper layer of the soil (the A horizon) and accumulate in the next layer (the B horizon), at depths of approximately 3 to 10 feet under the surface. Caliche generally consists of carbonates in semiarid regions, while in arid regions, less soluble minerals will form caliche layers after all the carbonates have been leached from the soil. The calcium carbonate that is deposited accumulates, first forming grains, then small clumps, then a discernible layer, and finally a thicker, solid bed. As the caliche layer forms, the layer gradually becomes deeper, eventually moving into the parent material, which lies under the upper soil horizons.

However, caliche can also form in other ways. It can form when water rises through capillary action. In an arid region, rainwater will sink into the ground very quickly. Later, as the surface dries out, the water below the surface will rise, carrying dissolved minerals from lower layers upward with it. This water movement forms a caliche that tends to grow thinner and branch out as it nears the surface. Plants can contribute to the formation of caliche as well. The plant roots take up water through transpiration, leaving behind the dissolved calcium carbonate, which precipitates to form caliche. Caliche can also form on outcrops of porous rocks or in rock fissures where water is trapped and evaporates. In general, caliche deposition is a slow process, but if enough moisture is present in an otherwise arid site, it can accumulate fast enough to block a drain pipe.

While the formation of other caliches is relatively well understood, the origin of Chilean caliche is not known definitively. One possibility is that the deposits were formed when a prehistoric inland sea evaporated. Another theory is that it was deposited due to weathering of the Andes

Caliche and Gardening

Problems caliche cause
Caliche beds can cause many problems when trying to grow plants. First, an impermeable caliche layer prevents water from draining properly, which can keep the roots from getting enough oxygen. Salts can also build up in the soil due to the lack of drainage. Both of these situations are detrimental to plant growth. Second, the impermeable nature of caliche beds also prevents plant roots from going through the bed, which means the roots have a limited supply of nutrients, water, and space, so they cannot develop normally. Third, caliche beds can also cause the surrounding soil to be basic (have a high pH). The basic soil, along with calcium carbonate from the caliche, can prevent plants from getting enough nutrients, especially iron. An iron deficiency will cause the plant's youngest leaves to become yellow. Soil saturation above the caliche bed can make the condition worse.

Fixing these problems
The best solution to these problems is to remove the layer of caliche and replace it with a mixture of organic material and soil. The hole should be large enough to contain the plant's mature root system and should go entirely through the caliche layer. However, when the caliche layer is thick, dig a hole large enough for the mature root system. Then, a smaller hole or holes can be dug through the remaining caliche to provide drainage. To test drainage, the hole should be filled with water. If the level drops by 1 inch per hour, the drainage is sufficient.

Read the review of this video at ManualGear.com

Song "What About Everything" by band Carbon Leaf, illustrated with clips from classic Warner Bros. cartoons.

y a curious coincidence, Santa came a day early, and the very day after Shane and I watched, Who Killed the Electric Car on DVD last night! Lexi now has her very own limo, and I no longer have to decide between driving around town to do errands (with...

We asked dozens of everyday people to tell us what they thought a carbon offset was. For more information, visit KeysToGreen.com.

Note:

Appearance - carbonates are powdery
Cheating test - use acid to test for effeversence

FatalMetal NFS Carbon Drift 6 - Dodge Charger RT

tricked out cbr 600rr alarm, rearvision video system custom il lumiglow SHOW AND GO!!

The Robotic Arm (RA) is critical to the operations of the Phoenix lander and is designed to dig trenches, scoop up soil and water ice samples, and deliver these samples to the TEGA and MECA instruments for detailed chemical and geological analysis. Designed similar to a back hoe, the RA can operate with four degrees of freedom: (1) up and down, (2) side to side, (3) back and forth, and (4) rotate around.

The RA will be 2.35 meters long with an elbow joint in the middle, allowing the arm to trench about 0.5 meters below the martian surface, deep enough to where scientists believe the water-ice soil interface lies. At the end of the RA is a moveable scoop, which includes ripper tines (sharp prongs) and serrated blades. Once icy soil is encountered, the ripper tines will be used to first tear the exposed materials, followed by applying the serrated blades to scrape the fractured soil. The scoop will then be run through the furrows to capture the fragmented samples, ensuring enough sample mass for scientific study on the lander platform.

Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) is a combination high-temperature furnace and mass spectrometer instrument that scientists will use to analyze martian ice and soil samples. The robotic arm will deliver samples to a hopper designed to feed a small amount of soil and ice into eight tiny ovens about the size of an ink cartridge in a ballpoint pen. Each of these ovens will be used only once to analyze eight unique ice and soil samples.

Once a sample is successfully received and sealed in an oven, the temperature is slowly increased at a constant rate, and the power required for heating is carefully and continuously monitored. This process, called scanning calorimetry, shows the transitions from solid to liquid to gas of the different materials in the sample: important information needed by scientists to understand the chemical character of the soil and ice.

As the temperature of the furnace increases up to 1000°C, the ice and other volatile materials in the sample are vaporized into a stream of gases. These are called evolved gases and are transported via an inert carrier to a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer is sensitive to detection levels down to 10 parts per billion, a level that may detect minute quantities of organic molecules potentially existing in the ice and soil.

The Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer, MECA's wet chemistry lab contains four single-use beakers, each of which can accept one sample of martian soil. Phoenix's Robotic Arm will initiate each experiment by delivering a small soil sample to one beaker, which is ready and waiting with a pre-warmed and calibrated soaking solution. Alternating soaking, stirring, and measuring, the experiment continues for the entire day. It concludes with the addition of two chemical pellets. The first contains an acid to tease out carbonates and other constituents that are only soluble in acidic solutions. The second contains specific reagents to test for sulfates and soil oxidants.

The optical and atomic-force microscopes complement MECA's wet chemistry experiments. With images from these microscopes, scientists will examine the fine detail structure of soil and water ice samples. The optical microscope will have a resolution of 4 microns per pixel, allowing detection of particles ranging from about 10 micrometers up to the size of the field of view (about 1 mm by 2 mm). Red, green, blue, and ultraviolet LEDs will illuminate samples in differing color combinations to enhance the soil and water-ice structure and texture at these scales. The atomic force microscope will provide sample images down to 10 nanometers - the smallest scale ever examined on Mars. Using its sensors, the AFM creates a very small-scale "topographic" map showing the detailed structure of soil and ice grains.

Prior to observation by each of the microscopes, samples are delivered by the Robotic Arm to a wheel containing sixty-nine different substrates. The substrates are designed to distinguish between different adhesion mechanisms and include magnets, sticky polymers, and "buckets" for bulk sampling. The wheel is rotated allowing different substrate-sample interactions to be examined by the microscopes.

MECA's final instrument, the thermal and electrical conductivity probe, will be attached at the "knuckle" of the RA. The probe will probably consist of three small spikes that will be inserted into the ends of an excavated trench. In addition to measuring temperature, the probe will measure thermal properties of the soil that affect how heat is transferred, providing scientists with better understanding of surface and atmospheric interactions. Using the same spikes, the electrical conductivity will be measured to indicate any transient wetness that might result from the excavation. Most likely, the thermal measurement will reflect ice content and the electrical, unfrozen water content.

Meteorological Station (MET) will record the daily weather of the martian northern plains using temperature and pressure sensors, as well as a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) instrument. With these instruments, MET will play an important role by providing information on the current state of the polar atmosphere and how water is cycled between the solid and gas phases in the martian arctic.

The MET's lidar is an instrument that operates on the same basic principle as RADAR, using powerful laser light pulses rather than radio waves. The lidar transmits light vertically into the atmosphere, which is reflected off dust and ice particles. These reflected light pulses and their time of return to the lidar instrument are analyzed, revealing information about the size of atmospheric particles and their location.

Carbon/Silicon Bush Hall 31st May 2007. A few pics here: http://getonthebeam.blogspot.com/2007/06/make-room-make-room.html

The 2005 Mustang GT is capable of performing a quarter-mile test in 13.5 seconds, with acceleration from 0-60 mph in 4.9 seconds.[10] Added to the rear suspension is a three-linked system which controls the vertical and lateral movements of the axle...

Its worth seeing

Need for speed carbon trailer...

"Lithium" is a song by the grunge band Nirvana. It originally appeared on and was the third single from their breakthrough album Nevermind. The lyrics were written by Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain...

My name is pepsious maximus defender of the carbonates, alegence to the diet pepsicous i need 1,000 pounds instead of 2 chickens and a goat to fight of gasious burpicus .... for maximus day. www.maxyourlife.co.uk

The western flank of the Mediano Anticline, Ainsa Basin, southern Pyrenees foreland basin, Spain, as seen from the western shore of the Embalse de Grado. The ranch in the middle ground is Puy de Cinca. The lower slopes include the Puy de Cinca carbonate ramp and lower and upper delta plain facies of the proximal Sobrarbe delta complex, which developed in the Late Eocene. It onlaps and/or show a fault contact against Cretaceous to Paleocene carbonates of the Mediano Anticline